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ObjectiveTo summarize the modeling methods, test indicators, and evaluation methods of the animal models of urticaria and provide a basis for the subsequent research on urticaria models. MethodWith the keywords of "urticaria" and "animal model" and the time interval from inception to July 13, 2022, relevant articles were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed. Two evaluators independently screened the articles and extracted the publishing time, sources, animal conditions, modeling methods, modeling time, and test indicators from the articles meeting the inclusion criteria to establish a data library for quantitative statistics and analysis. ResultA total of 116 articles were included, involving 129 animal experiments (102 in Chinese and 27 in English) of urticaria. In the last three years, the studies about the animal models of urticaria presented an obvious upward trend, and the articles were dominated by dissertations. KM mice and SD rats of both females and males were mainly used for the modeling of urticaria, and the models were mainly established by passive sensitization of skin for 14-16 days. The models were mainly evaluated based on apparent indicators such as blue-stained lesion area and ear swelling, supplemented by the pathological indicators of the skin and serum. ConclusionAlthough the experimental studies of urticaria are increasing, the modeling methods lack unified modeling standards and have low coincidence with clinical symptoms. Therefore, this paper analyzed the modeling elements and evaluation criteria of urticaria animal models, and proposed that both male and female KM mice (6-8 weeks old) or SD rats (8-10 weeks old) of SPF grade should be preferentially selected for modeling. Active and passive sensitization can be combined for the modeling, and the specific modeling elements such as modeling time and sensitization times need to be further explored. The model evaluation should include four aspects of behavior, appearance, pathology, and immunity.
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Objective:To observe the occurrence of medication deviation in elderly patients with chronic diseases, and analyze the related factors leading to its occurrence.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select 164 elderly patients with chronic diseases who were discharged from the hospital after treatment from April 2021 to March 2022 as the study subjects.The pharmacists reviewed the patient's discharge medication and counted the occurrence of medication deviation.The patients were divided into the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group, and the relevant data of the two groups and their attending physicians were analyzed and compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the influencing factors of medication deviation in elderly patients with chronic diseases. Results:Medication deviation were identified in 110 of the 164 patients, and the incidence of medication deviation was 67.1%.Compared with the non-occurrence group, the number of diseases, discharge prescriptions of patients were more, the differences were statistically significant( Z=2.552, t=3.063, both P<0.05). The age of attending physicians in the occurrence group were younger, and their working years were shorter, professional title was lower compared with those in the non-occurrence group( Z=3.754, 3.713, Z=2.016, P<0.05 for all); Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of diseases and discharge prescriptions were the risk factors for medication deviation in elderly patients with chronic diseases( OR=1.260, 1.227, both P<0.05); older age and longer working years of attending physicians were the protective factors for medication deviation( OR=0.925, 0.930, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of medication deviation in elderly patients with chronic diseases in our hospital is high.Number of chronic diseases, discharge prescriptions, younger age and relatively shorter working years of attending physicians may lead to medication deviation.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and nephrotoxicity of high-dosepolymyxin B (PMB) in treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) infections.Methods:Clinical data of 90 patients with MDR-GNB infections who admitted to the Affiliated Huaian First People′s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty one patients receivedhigh-dose PMB(≥25 000 U·kg?1·d?1) for treatment (high-dose group) and 59 patients received standard-dose PMB(<25 000 U·kg?1·d?1) for treatment (control group). The curative effect and renal function of the two groups were compared. The factors related toacute kidney injury (AKI) were analyzed with logistic regression.Results:The daily PMB dose and treatment course in high-dose group were (29 800±4 500) U/kg and (9.16±4.15) d, while those of the control group were (17 300±3 500)U/kg and (7.32±3.87) d ( P<0.01). The effective rate of the high-dose group was higher than that of control group (83.9% vs. 61.0%, χ2=4.95, P<0.05).The creatinine levels in high-dose group were increased significantly from 69.40(47.00, 94.70)μmol/L before treatment to 116.20(59.20, 213.20)μmol/L after treatment ( Z=-2.99, P<0.01); while there were no significant changesin control group before and after treatment [55.00(37.00, 92.47)μmol/L vs. 50.10(34.00, 156.00)μmol/L, Z=-1.78, P=0.78]. The 30-day mortality rate in the high-dose group was 32.3% (10/31), that in the standard-dose group was 49.2% (29/59)(χ2=2.36, P=0.12). The AKI incidence rate in high-dose group was higher than that in standard-dose group [ 67.7% (21/31) vs. 45.8% (27/59), χ2=3.94, P=0.04]. There were 4 and 10 deaths due to AKI in the high-dose and standard-dose groups, respectively (χ2=0.25, P=0.61). Logistic regression analysis showed that daily high-dose PMB was independently associated with AKI( OR=2.662, 95% CI:1.082-6.549, P=0.03). Conclusion:Thehigh-dose PMB is effective in treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteriainfections, but the incidence of AKI is also significantly increased. Therefore, when using daily high-dose PMB, the pros and cons must be weighed to avoid increasing the risk of AKI.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of pharmaceutical care intervention by clinical pharmacists on inhalant use in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A total of 140 elderly patients with COPD were randomly divided into the control group( n=70, receiving conventional medicine education)and the study group(n=70, receiving the whole pharmaceutical care intervention as add-on to the treatment for control group for 6 months). The knowledge of inhalant medication, inhalant operation score, incorrect operation rate, disease symptom score and pulmonary function were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with pretreatment, the scores of inhalant knowledge were increased significantly in both groups after treatment.While, the scores in the pharmacology, usage, precautions, and adverse reactions as well as total scores were higher in the study group than in the control group( t=5.905, 7.064, 5.356, 5.211 and 19.600, all P<0.05). The inhalant operation scores were significantly increased with time in both groups( F time=64.259, P<0.05). The increment of inhalant operation score was higher in the study group than in the control group(F time×group=5.237, P<0.05). The overall score of inhalant operation was higher in the study group than in the control group( F group=7.218, P<0.05). The incorrect operation rate was lower in the study group than in the control group(5.7% or 4/70 vs.18.6% or 13/70, χ2=5.423, P=0.020). The scores of cough, expectoration and asthma were lower in study group than in the control group( t=11.602, 9.282 and 11.225, respectively, P<0.05). The percentage of the first second force expiratory volume to the estimated value(FEV1%)and FEV 1/forced vital capacity(FVC) were higher in the study group than in the control group( t=4.049 and 3.148, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Pharmaceutical care intervention improves patients' awareness of COPD, increases the accuracy and compliance of inhalant use, thus alleviates the clinical symptoms and improves lung function.
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Objective This exploratory study aimed to assess effectiveness with ethylene oxide treatment for removing DNA contamination. Methods 98 different spiked samples such as saliva, dander, skin cell, hair, blood and cartilage were conducted with ethylene oxide treatment. After extraction of samples, the dna was amplified and then the STR analysis was performed with 3130xl or 3500xl. Results A 6h EO treatment results showed that two saliva stains of 44 samples STR profile were detected; Just one hair of 54 samples treated with ethylene oxide was detected contaminating DNA with EO treatment for 8 hours. Conclusion This work suggested that it was more successful to reduce DNA contamination by using ethylene oxide treatment.
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AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of saikosaponin a,saikosaponin c,saikosaponin d,rutin,quercetin,isorhmnetin and kaempferol in the aerial and underground parts of “Zhongchai No.2” (Bupleurum chinense DC.from Sichuan Province).METHODS The analysis of “Zhongchai No.2” methanol extract was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Hypersil GOLD column (250 mm × 4.6mm,5.0 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 0.8 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm.RESULTS Seven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r≥0.999 1),whose average recoveries were 96.30％-102.7％ with the RSDs of 0.95％-3.8％.There were a lot of flavonoids in the aerial parts of samples,while a large number of saponins existed in the underground parts,but almost no flavonoids were found.CONCLUSION The aerial parts (stems and leaves) of “Zhongchai No.2” also have medicinal value,to which we should pay attention.
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Objective To evaluate the forensic application of TE-MAGS technology based on magnetic beads kit on TECAN pipetting platform and establish the automated DNA extraction system of case work samples. Methods Sensitivity test: 10 different DNA samples from 0.1ng to 1ng were prepared with a commercial standard DNA 9947A diluted into 200μL TES. DNA samples were purified by the TE-MAGS technology automatically on the TECAN pipetting platform and then typed using the IdentifilerTM Kit and get the profile of STR with the software GeneMapper ID-X; the power of purification was tested with a trail that purified 1ng DNA mixed with humus acid and hemachrome. Comparative test: 304 casework samples were divided into two purified by TE-MAGS technology and silicon beads respectively to compare the power of purification and the possibility of forensic utility. Results Sensitivity test: 0.3ng and more imported DNA can obtain a good quality of DNA profile compared to the lower imported DNA with dropout of STR peaks (0.1ng and 0.2ng). The power of purification of the TE-MAGS technology was not affected by humus acid and hemachrome. The comparison result between automatic TE-MAGS technology and manual silicon beads extraction methods from 304 casework samples showed that the former's success rate(50%) was higher than the latter(40.8%). Conclusion The established DNA purification method of TE-MAGS technology automatic DNA extraction system in this study was obviously advantaging at the aspect of success rate, stability, and uniformity and suited to application in the forensic utility future.
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Smoking and exposure to second hand smoke are the deadly killer of human health. Tobacco kills more than one million people each year in China. According to 2015 Chinese adult tobacco survey, the number of smokers in China increased by 15 million during five years, from 301 million in 2010 to 316 million in 2015. Smoking addiction is a chronic recurrent disease, and its pathogenesis is associated with the mesolimbic dopamine system. In recent years, domestic and overseas scholars studied the brain function of smoking addicts through resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and found that the brain functional activity of smoking addicts has changed. fMRI can help us understand the mechanism of tobacco dependence, and provide the evidence of diagnosis, treatment and health management of tobacco dependence. In this paper, the present study situation and the application in the field of the treatment and management of smoking cessation of fMRI in smoking addicts are reviewed.
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Objective To analyze the detected pathogens composition in positive blood culture samples and drug resistance in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2012 in order to accumulate the data information of pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in bacteremia .Methods The BD9240 and BacT /Alert3D 240 blood culture systems were used to perform the blood culture .The identification of isolated bacteria and the drug susceptibility test were conducted by using Microscan walkaway 40 sys‐tem and the Vitec2 compact system .The Data were analyzed by adopting the Whonet5 .6 software .Results In 1 829 positive bacte‐rial strains by blood culture ,986 strains were Gram negative bacilli ,accounting for 53 .9% ;721 strains were Gram positive coccus , accounting for 39 .4% ;104 strains were fungi ,accounting for 5 .68% .The resistant rate of staphylococcus to vancomycin ,linezolid and teicoplanin was 0% ,which to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid ,rifampicin ,amikacin ,sulfamethoxazole compound and chloramphenicol was lower than 40% .The sensitive of enterococcus to linezolid and teicoplanin was 100% ,but enterococcus faecium was resistant to vancomycin(2 .6% ) .The penicillin resistant rate of Streptococcus was 21 .7% .The resistant rates of E .coli and K lebsiella pneumo‐nia were 0% to imipenem and meropenem ,and less than 22% to amikacin ,piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoxitin .The resistant rates of salmonella to CLSI recommended five kinds of detection drug were less than 6 .5% .The resistant rates of pseudomonas aerugino‐sa were more than 25% to imipenem and more than 25% to meropenem .Conclusion The pathogens spectrum detected by blood culture is widespread .The resistance rates of different bacteria vary widely .
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Objective To retrospective analyze the specimens and wards distribution and the drug resistance changes of clinical i‐solated Pseudomonas aeruginosa .Methods 1 114 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from a variety of clinical speci‐mens for the identification and susceptibility testing by using Microscan Walkaway40 identification and antibiotic susceptibility anal‐ysis system and manual method from 2002 to 2012 .And the results were analyzed .Results In all of the 1 114 isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains ,there were 64 .18% of them from respiratory specimens .Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection occured mainly in the ICU wards (49 .64% ) .From 2002 to 2012 ,the drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 19 kinds of antibacterial drugs increased year by year .Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa often causes respiratory tract infection ,and its mechanism of drug resistance is complex .There are few alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection .
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Cartilage is vulnerable to traumatic injury and unable to facilitate a satisfactory healing response due to its poor vascularity and inability to access mesenchymal stem cells.Continuous defects in the joint surfaces cause pain,swelling,and mechanical symptoms that result in functional impairment and limitation of athletic participation.Commonly used repair techniques include marrow stimulation,structural osteo-articular autografts or chondrocyte implantation.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate extract of platelets from autologous blood,which is rich in growth factors and other cytokines and provides local environment for tissue regeneration and lends a possible option for the stimulation and acceleration of cartilage regeneration.This review gives summarization on the current state of the use of PRP for cartilage regeneration.
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Objective To observe the efficacy and adverse reaction of Durogesic (thansdermal fenfanul) for analgesia in patients with malignant tumors, who occur moderate or severe pain from mucosal response during radiochemotherapy. Methods 50 patients were divided into two groups randomly. The treatment group received Durogesic and normal therapy, the contrast group received normal therapy. The analgesic effects, the quality of life and the side effects after medicine were observed. Results The pain remission rates of treatment group and control group were 100 % (25/25) and 52 % (13/25), respectively (χ2 =15.78, P ＜ 0.01)[(9.66±0.35), (10.01±0.34) min]and[(18.12±0.46), (14.68±0.19) min].The quality of life in treatment group was improved significantly (t = 8.11, P ＜0.01).The main adverse reactions of Durogesic included constipation, itch of skin, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and so on. All of adverse reactions were tolerable. Conclusion Durogesic for analgesia have high curative effect and slight adverse effects in pain of oral cavity and laryngeal pharynx in patients with malignant tumors during radiochemotherapy which make patients complete radiochemotherapy successfully.
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Objective: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 80 elderly patients with I～IV stage NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups. The 40 patients in the therapeutic group received radiotherapy in combination with APS. The 40 patients in the control group received radiotherapy alone. Both groups received 3D-CRT with a total dose of 50～ 70Gy, 2.0Gy/fraction, once a day, 5 times per week. The patients in the therapeutic group were treated with radiotherapy combined with injection of APS (250mg in 5% glucose) or normal saline (500 mL) intravenously once a day until the end of radiotherapy. The short-term efficacy and patients' quality of life were evaluated. The T-lymphocyte subpopulation and peripheral blood leukocyte count were also measured after treatment. Results: The short-term effective rates of the therapeutic group and the control group were 87.5% and 72.5%, respectively, without significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). The decrease of peripheral blood leukocyte count after treatment in the control group was significant (P＜0.05). In the therapeutic group, the T-lymphocyte subsets CD8 and CD4/CD8 were improved after treatment, with a significant difference (P＜ 0.05). But in the control group, no significant changes in T-lymphocyte subsets CD8 and CD4/CD8 were observed after treatment (P＞0.05). Patients' quality of life in the therapeutic group was superior to that in the control group, with a significant difference (P＜0.05). Conclusion: APS in combination with 3D-CRT can reduce the side effects of radiation and improve the quality of life of elderly patients with NSCLC.
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Objective To observe the effect of DNA-PKCS antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) on the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell line A549 through transfecting DNA-PKcs ASODN into A549 cells.Methods DNA-PKCS ASODN and unrelated ODN were transfected into A549 cells (testing group and control group).These cells were irradiated with 0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,6.0 or 8.0 Gy X-ray.Clo nogenic assay was performed to determine the survival fraction.The parameters Do,Dq and N for the multi target single-hit model,as well as the parameters a,13 and SF2 for the linear-quadratic model,were calculated to evaluate cell radiesensitivity.ResultsIn the control group and testing group,the α value was 0.14 and O.31 ,The βvalue was 0.030 and 0.018 ,the SF2 was 0.63 and 0.41 ,the Do was 2.38 and 2.09 ,the Dq was 1.43 and 0.60 ,respectively.In the testing group,the α value of A549 cells was increased,but the β value, SF2,DO and Dq were decreased.Conclusions DNA-PKCS ASODN can enhance the radiosensitivity of A549 cells and is a potential target in treating lung cancer.
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0.05).Conclusions:Occlusal splint is effective in the control of TMD pain,the treatment mechanism is related to the quick improvement of masticatory muscles.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical utility of CMV pp65 antigenemia by CMV brite Kit for predicting active/reactive CMV infection S as well as of CMV diseases in bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant patients. We also investigated the efficacy of preemptive therapy guided by detection of CMV antigenemia. Methods A total of 210 EDTA anticoagulant plasma samples from 36 bone marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplant Patients were prospectively collected from September 1999 to April 2000. The specific CMV antibody IgG/IgM of all patients were detected by ELISA. We detected CMV pp65 antigenemia by indirect immunofluorescence assay using CMV Brite Kit. All blood samples were detected weekly from week 3 after bone marrow transplantation until 100 days or antigenemia turning negative/dischage or death. Ganciclovir preemptive therapy was initiated at first positive pp65 antigenemia. Results Of 36 bone marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplant Patients, 16 patients occurred positive pp65 antigenemia, 15 patients suffered from symptomatic CMV infections or CMV diseases. In 14 patients of positive pp65 antigenemia receiving gaciclovir therapy at first antigenemia, 2 patients died (mortality rate 14.2%), 12 patients of pp65 antigenemia became negative. Otherwise, 2 untreated cases died. The study showed a significant difference in mortality rate between treated and untreated patients (P